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| The representatives from 3 countries (Photo credit: Vientiane Mai) |
Representatives from Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar gathered in October to discuss the critical issue of transboundary haze pollution that affects the region annually, particularly during the dry season. The meeting focused on taking concrete action to reduce air pollution levels and address the underlying causes, particularly forest fires and agricultural burning. This collaboration between the three countries was an important step forward in the ongoing effort to improve air quality and safeguard public health.
A Shared Challenge: Pollution in the Region
The annual haze problem in Southeast Asia is driven primarily by PM2.5 levels, fine particulate matter that can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing severe health issues. According to Maris Sangiampongsa, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand, the cooperation among these countries is a direct response to the increasing levels of PM2.5 in the region's air. This pollution is primarily caused by industrial emissions, transport, and most notably, forest fires and the widespread practice of agricultural burning during the dry season. These activities result in the haze that often spreads across borders, affecting neighboring countries.
The impacts of this pollution are severe. In February 2023, the air quality in Vientiane Capital, Luang Prabang, and Champasack in Laos reached unhealthy levels, with AQI (Air Quality Index) readings as high as 145 to 160, which is classified as harmful to sensitive groups. At the same time, Bangkok in Thailand also experienced hazardous air quality levels, with AQI levels reaching 141 to 165. This recurring crisis has prompted urgent action from the governments of Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar.
The Joint Plan of Action: CLEAR Sky
To tackle this pressing issue, the three nations have committed to the Joint Plan of Action – CLEAR Sky, which was initially agreed upon in April 2023. This plan aims to address pollution-related challenges by focusing on a range of strategies, including:
- Reducing pollution hotspots across the region
- Improving air quality forecasting and monitoring systems
- Enhancing law enforcement to reduce illegal burning practices
- Promoting sustainable agricultural management to minimize the environmental impact
The CLEAR Sky initiative is designed to ensure that all three countries work collaboratively to combat the transboundary haze, with each nation taking responsibility for contributing to the solution. Thailand's Foreign Minister stressed the importance of this tri-nation cooperation, noting that addressing the sources of PM2.5 pollution is critical for improving the region's air quality and public health.
The Growing Threat of Air Pollution: Impacts on Health and Wellbeing
Air pollution in Southeast Asia is not only a physical health risk but also affects people's mental wellbeing. Research from Oklahoma State University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the severe wildfire pollution from transboundary haze can lead to worsening moods and an increase in psychological stress among the public during periods of high air pollution. This highlights the far-reaching effects of the haze, impacting not just physical health but also mental and emotional wellbeing.
The PM2.5 particles in the haze are known to cause respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and premature deaths. Prolonged exposure to poor air quality can result in chronic conditions, making it a matter of public concern for countries in the region. In Laos, air pollution becomes particularly severe during the dry season (November to April), a period when agricultural burning, deforestation, and waste burning practices are most prevalent.
Action on the Ground: Commitment to Change
In a significant move to address the haze issue, former Thai Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin visited Laos in October 2023 to meet with leaders and discuss joint efforts to combat the hazardous transboundary haze. He pledged support for mapping fire-risk areas in Laos and developing a more comprehensive action plan to address cross-border air pollution. The goal is to reduce the frequency and intensity of forest fires and the related agricultural burning that contributes to the haze.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in Laos also noted that the air pollution problem is closely tied to the country's dry season, which is traditionally marked by an increase in harmful practices such as deforestation and agriculture burning. The government of Laos is committed to finding sustainable solutions to curb these activities and promote cleaner agricultural practices that will benefit both the environment and public health.
Looking Ahead: Regional Cooperation for a Clearer Future
The collaboration between Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar represents a positive step forward in addressing the persistent issue of transboundary haze pollution. The CLEAR Sky plan provides a framework for cooperation and a shared commitment to protecting the health of the region’s populations and the environment. Through sustained efforts to tackle the sources of air pollution, improve monitoring systems, and enforce laws that curb burning, the countries hope to reduce the impact of pollution during the dry season and beyond.
As the region moves forward with these initiatives, the success of the Joint Plan of Action – CLEAR Sky will depend on the continued cooperation and commitment of all three nations. Together, they are taking steps to clear the air, improve quality of life, and create a healthier future for Southeast Asia.
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