Minority Culture in Hainan Island

Li Culture

The Li people are considered to be the earliest settlers of Hainan. In the past, Li women bore geometric tattoos on their faces and hands, which identified them by village and family, but this practice has died out, and there are now only a few elderly Li women with traditional tattoos. Historically the Li houses were constructed of bamboo and mud, with a thatched roof, although now of course most Li people live in modern housing. Traditional Li beliefs include ancestor worship and the belief that the land, rivers, and trees had their own spirits. The Li people are known for developing the earliest and most advanced weaving technology in China, and their weaving, embroidery, dying, and sewing skills have made Li textiles a much sought after commodity. The Li patterns are colorful and unique, and Li weavings are now a popular Hainan souvenir. The Li also have traditional music and musical instruments, including the bamboo nose flute. A popular Li dance involves hopping through a grid of rythmically moved bamboo poles, and you can see this dance performed and even try it for yourself at the many shows and performances of Li culture around Hainan.

Miao Culture

The Miao people are known for their excellent hospitality, and they often kill a chicken to make a special meal when guests arrive. Glutinous rice cakes also play a special part in traditional Miao food and celebrations. Maio art such as batik and paper cutting shows their sense of beauty, as does their traditional colorful clothing and extravagant silver head-dresses and jewelry. Traditional Miao culture includes hunting and making their own herbal medicines. The Miao have many traditional dances and songs, and they have some unique festivals, including the Sister Festival and the Miao Spring Festival, held in the 12th lunar month. Historically the Miao are polytheistic, and believe in sacrificing to the spirits of nature.

Hui Culture

The majority of the Hui people in Hainan live in or near Sanya, and practice Sunni Islam. The women wear veils covering their heads, and the men often wear small embroidered caps. There are several large mosques serving the Hui people in the Sanya area, and restaurants serving halal food which cater to their dietary restrictions. The Hui people of Hainan do not share a common language with the Hui people of Mainland China and may be descended from the ancient Cham people of what is now Vietnam. Many Hui can currently be found selling pearls and fruit for a living to tourists on Sanya's beaches.